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特集●肺癌―パラダイムシフトを迎えた肺癌治療●Ⅳおわりに肺癌治療におけるEGFR-TKIの出現は,分子マーカーによる個別化医療の先駆けとなった.これまでNSCLCにおける治療薬はNSCLC全体を対象としたものであり,奏....

特集●肺癌―パラダイムシフトを迎えた肺癌治療●Ⅳおわりに肺癌治療におけるEGFR-TKIの出現は,分子マーカーによる個別化医療の先駆けとなった.これまでNSCLCにおける治療薬はNSCLC全体を対象としたものであり,奏効率20?30%と低い効果に甘んじていた.しかし,EGFR遺伝子変異を有するNSCLCに対するEGFR -TKIの奏効率は約80%に達する.EGFR遺伝子変異陽性NSCLCにおいて,治療経過のいずれかの段階でEGFR -TKIを用いることはもはや必須である.また,現在臨床試験が進行中の未分化リンパ腫リン酸化酸素(ALK)阻害薬crizotinibは,EML4-ALK融合遺伝子を有するNSCLCに対して約60%の奏効率を示した20).今後,このような分子マーカーに基づく個別化医療の流れはなお一層加速していくだろう.参考文献1)Thatcher N, Chang A, Parikh P, et al:Gefitinib plus bestsupportive care in previously treated patients with refractoryadvanced non -small-cell lung cancer:results from a randomised,placebo -controlled, multicentre study(IressaSurvival Evaluation in Lung Cancer). Lancet 366:1527-1537, 20052)Inoue A, Suzuki T, Fukuhara T, et al:Prospective phaseⅡstudy of gefitinib for chemotherapy -naive patients withadvanced non -small-cell lung cancer with epidermal growthfactor receptor gene mutations. J Clin Oncol 24:3340-3346,20063)Maemondo M, Inoue A, Kobayashi K, et al:Gefitinib or chemotherapyfor non -small -cell lung cancer with mutatedEGFR. N Engl J Med 362:2380 -2388, 20104)Mitsudomi T, Morita S, Yatabe Y, et al:Gefitinib versus cisplatinplus docetaxel in patients with non -small -cell lungcancer harbouring mutations of the epidermal growth factorreceptor(WJTOG3405):an open label, randomised phase 3trial. Lancet Oncol 11:121 -128, 20105)Zhou C, Wu YL, Chen G, et al:Erlotinib versus chemotherapyas first -line treatment for patients with advanced EGFRmutation -positive non -small -cell lung cancer(OPTIMAL,CTONG-0802):a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase3 study. Lancet Oncol[Epub ahead of print], 20116)Rosell R, Gervais R, Vergnenegre A, et al:Erlotinib versuschemotherapy(CT)in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients(p)with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations:Interimresults of the EuropeanErlotinib Versus Chemotherapy(EURTAC)phaseⅢrandomizedtrial. J Clin Oncol 29(Suppl):2011(abstr 7503)7)Morita S, Okamoto I, Kobayashi K, et al:Combined survivalanalysis of prospective clinical trials of gefitinib for non -small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations. Clin Cancer Res15:4493-4498, 20098)Rosell R, Moran T, Queralt C, et al:Screening for epidermalgrowth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer. N Engl JMed 361:958-967, 20099)Shepherd FA, Rodrigues Pereira J, Ciuleanu T, et al:Erlotinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer. NEngl J Med 353:123-132, 200510)Cappuzzo F, Ciuleanu T, Stelmakh L, et al:Erlotinib asmaintenance treatment in advanced non -small-cell lung cancer:amulticentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3study. Lancet Oncol 11:521-529, 201011)Mok TS, Wu YL, Thongprasert S, et al:Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med361:947 -957, 200912)Inoue A, Kobayashi K, Usui K, et al:First -line gefitinib forpatients with advanced non -small -cell lung cancer harboringepidermal growth factor receptor mutations without indicationfor chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 27:1394-1400, 200913)Togashi Y, Masago K, Fukudo M, et al:Pharmacokinetics oferlotinib and its active metabolite OSI -420 in patients withnon-small cell lung cancer and chronic renal failure who areundergoing hemodialysis. J Thorac Oncol 5:601-605, 201014)Takeda K, Hida T, Sato T, et al:Randomized phaseⅢtrialof platinum -doublet chemotherapy followed by gefitinib comparedwith continued platinum -doublet chemotherapy inJapanese patients with advanced non -small -cell lung cancer:resultsof a west Japan thoracic oncology group trial(WJTOG0203). J Clin Oncol 28:753-760, 201015)Miller VA, Hirsh V, Cadrane J, et al:PhaseⅡB/Ⅲdoubleblind randomized trial of afatinib(BIBW 2992, an irreversibleinhibitor of EGFR/HER1 and HER2)+best supportivecare(BSC)versus placebo+BSC in patients with NSCLCfailing 1-2 lines of chemotherapy and erlotinib or gefitinib(LUX-LUNG 1). Ann Oncol 21(Supplement 8):viii1, 201016)Ichihara E, Ohashi K, Takigawa N, et al:Effects of vandetanibon lung adenocarcinoma cells harboring epidermalgrowth factor receptor T790M mutation in vivo. Cancer Res69:5091 -5098, 200917)Cascone T, Herynk MH, Xu L, et al:Upregulated stromalEGFR and vascular remodeling in mouse xenograft modelsof angiogenesis inhibitor-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma.J Clin Invest 121:1313 -1328, 201118)Segawa Y, Kiura K, Takigawa N, et al:PhaseⅢtrial comparingdocetaxel and cisplatin combination chemotherapywith mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin combination chemotherapywith concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in locallyadvanced non -small -cell lung cancer:OLCSG 0007. J ClinOncol 28:3299-3306, 201019)Kelly K, Chansky K, Gaspar LE, et al:PhaseⅢtrial of maintenancegefitinib or placebo after concurrent chemoradiotherapyand docetaxel consolidation in inoperable stageⅢnon -small-cell lung cancer:SWOG S0023. J Clin Oncol 26:2450 -2456, 200820)Kwak EL, Bang YJ, Camidge DR, et al:Anaplastic lymphomakinase inhibition in non -small-cell lung cancer. N Engl JMed 363:1693 -1703, 2010Current Therapy 2011 Vol.29 No.11 771049